ミンハーグ

ミンハーグ（מִנהָג minhāgh "Custom", Minhag, pl. minhāghīm）とは、容認された伝統（accepted tradition）とか、伝統の集合体（group of traditions）を示すヘブライ語であり、聖書やラビ文学に起源がなく、地域社会で発生したものも多い。

関連するコンセプトにヌッサフ נֻסַּח Nusach、ノーサフ נֹסַחといったものがあり、これは礼拝の形のこと。

例えば、ヨーム・キップールの前夜におけるアシュケナジム系のカッパーロート（カッパーラー、鶏を供える）は聖書における古代の習慣が形を変えて発生したミンハーグの一種である。

ミンハーグはハラーハーの学者から非難を受けた歴史もあった。

ヌッサフ

"Nusach", although usually used as above, also has implications as regards "community minhagim" in general; the main segments of traditional Judaism, as differentiated in terms of Nusach (broadly and narrowly) are:

• Minhag Sefarad: in general refers to the various Sephardi liturgies, but also to obligation/permissibility of Kabbalistic elements within the rite.
• Minhag Edot hamizrach: is more or less influenced by the Sephardi minhag.
• Nusach Teiman: Can be subdivided into:
  • Minhag Baladi
  • Minhag Shami
• Minhag Italiani
• Nusach Ashkenaz: the general Ashkenazi rite of non-Chasidim. Can be subdivided into:
  • Minhag Ashkenaz
  • Minhag Polin
• Nusach Sfard or Nusach ARI (Ashkenazi ハシディズム rite, heavily influenced by the teachings of Sephardi Kabbalists)

関連：シッドゥール、マハゾール、祈祷書

外部リンクと資料案内

英語版の参考文献

• Custom, jewishencyclopedia.com
• The Rules of Halacha, Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan
• Minhag: A Custom with the Status of Law, jewfaq.org
• Customs (Minhagim), nishmat.net

資料案内

• ラビ文学
  • Minhagei Maharil, Rabbi Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin (Maharil), 1556.
  • "Sefer HaMinhagim" (Hebrew Fulltext, PDF) Rabbi Isaac Tyrnau, 1566.
  • "Ta'amei HaMinhagim", Rabbi A. I. Sperling, 1896; translation: "Reasons for Jewish customs and traditions". Bloch Pub. Co 1968. ISBN 081970184X

• 総体
  • "Sefer HaMinhagim", Rabbis M. Greenglass and Y. Groner, 1966; translation: “The Book of Chabad-Lubavitch Customs”. Sichos In English Pub. 1998. ISBN 0826605559 [1]
  • "The Minhagim: The Customs and Ceremonies of Judaism, Their Origins and Rationale", Rabbi Abraham Chill. Sepher Hermon 1978. ISBN 0872030776
  • "The Biblical and Historical Background of Jewish Customs and Ceremonies", Rabbi Abraham Bloch. Ktav 1978. ISBN 0870683381
  • "Jewish Book of Why", Rabbi Alfred Kolatch. Jonathan David 1995. ISBN 0824603141
  • "To Be a Jew: A Guide to Jewish Observance in Contemporary Life", Rabbi Hayim Donin. Basic Books 1991. ISBN 0465086322
  • "The Complete Book of Jewish Observance", Rabbi Leo Trepp. Behrman House Publishing 1980. ISBN 0671417975