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− | '''財務大臣'''(ざいむだいじん)とは、各国において[[財務]]、[[財政]]、[[金融]]などを担当する[[大臣]]や[[長官]]のこと。 | + | '''財務大臣'''(ざいむだいじん) |
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− | [[英語圏]]での「[[:en:Minister of Finance|Minister of Finance]]」などの訳語。
| + | 財務省の長で,内閣総理大臣が国務大臣のなかから命じる。会計法規では,予算の編成,執行や歳入の徴収収納,国有財産・国の管理する物品債権などの管理の分野にわたり,財務大臣を総括機関としているものが多い。また財務大臣は,[[国庫]]を主管する点から国庫大臣と呼ばれることがある。 |
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− | 「'''財務長官'''(ざいむちょうかん)」と訳すこともある。米国の「[[英語|英]]:Secretary of the Treasury」は「財務長官」と訳すのが一般的。
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− | == 日本 ==
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− | {{Redirect|大蔵大臣}}
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− | {{政治の役職
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− | |国名 = {{JPN}}
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− | |正式名称 = 財務大臣
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− | |公用語名 =
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− | |紋章 = Go-shichi no kiri crest.svg
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− | |紋章名 = [[内閣 (日本)|内閣]]の紋
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− | |現職画像 = Aso taro 20160622.jpg
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− | |現職氏名 = [[麻生太郎]]
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− | |現職代数 = 19
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− | |現職就任日 = [[2017年]](平成29年)[[11月1日]]
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− | |職務代行者役職 =
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− | |職務代行者氏名 =
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− | |担当官庁 = [[財務省]]
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− | |任命者 = [[安倍晋三]]
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− | |任命者役職 = [[内閣総理大臣]]
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− | |任期 =
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− | |初代就任者 = [[宮澤喜一]]
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− | |設置年月日 = [[2001年]](平成13年)[[1月6日]]
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− | |公式サイト = [http://www.mof.go.jp/about_mof/ministers_profile/ 大臣・副大臣・政務官:財務省]
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− | |その他 =
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− | }}
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− | [[日本]]の'''財務大臣'''(ざいむだいじん、Minister of Finance)は、[[国務大臣]]の一つで、2001年(平成13年)1月6日からの[[財務省 (日本)|財務省]]の[[長]]。[[予算 (日本)|予算]]、[[日本の租税|税制]]、[[財政政策]]、[[国庫]]・[[国有財産]]管理などを担当する。重要閣僚ポストの一つ。略称は'''財務相'''(ざいむしょう)。
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− | [[1998年]](平成10年)6月に「[[日本の財政|財政]]と[[金融]][[行政]]の分離」(財金分離)が行われ、[[大蔵省]]のうち金融行政に関する権限が[[金融庁|金融監督庁]](後に[[金融庁]])に移される。その後の[[2001年]](平成13年)1月には[[中央省庁再編]]により、[[大蔵省]]は財務省となり、旧大蔵省の中軸である[[主計局]]と[[財務省主税局|主税局]]は財務省に置かれた。大蔵大臣は財務大臣となり、初代の財務大臣には、旧大蔵省出身の[[宮澤喜一]]が就任した。
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− | <!--{{要出典範囲|大蔵大臣・財務大臣経験者はその後、内閣総理大臣になることが多く、[[外務大臣]]とともに「総理大臣の試金石」というべきポストである。|date=2014年9月}}-->
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− | <!--「{{要出典範囲|また[[高橋是清]]・[[宮澤喜一]]・[[麻生太郎]]のように、[[内閣総理大臣]]経験者が就任する例もある。|date=2014年9月}}」{{誰|date=2014年9月}}-->
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− | === 歴代の財務大臣 ===
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− | {{main|日本の大蔵大臣・財務大臣一覧}}
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− | === 他 ===
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− | 財務省では、善良な[[日本の租税|納税]]者および「納税思想」の普及に功績のある団体・個人に対して「納税表彰」を実施しており、納税表彰の最高位にあるのが財務大臣表彰である。
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− | == イギリス ==
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− | [[File:Official_portrait_of_Mr_Philip_Hammond_crop_2.jpg|thumb|160px|イギリスの財務大臣 [[フィリップ・ハモンド]]]]
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− | {{main|財務大臣 (イギリス)}}
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− | [[イギリス]]の'''財務大臣'''(ざいむだいじん、Chancellor of the Exchequer)は、イギリスの国政財務に対して責任を負う閣僚であり、[[大蔵省 (イギリス)|大蔵省]]の長である。イギリスの[[四大大臣]]の一つ。
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− | == アメリカ合衆国 ==
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− | [[File:Steven_Mnuchin_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|160px|米国財務長官 [[スティーヴン・マヌーチン]]]]
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− | {{main|アメリカ合衆国財務長官}}
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− | [[アメリカ合衆国]]の'''財務長官'''(ざいむちょうかん、Secretary of the Treasury)は、[[アメリカ合衆国財務省|財務省]]の長官であり、連邦政府において[[金融政策]]および[[財政政策]]を担当する[[アメリカ合衆国大統領顧問団|閣僚]]である。
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− | == シンガポール ==
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− | {{main|シンガポールの財務大臣}}
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− | [[シンガポール]]の'''財務大臣'''(ざいむだいじん、Minister for Finance)は、国務大臣の一つで、[[財務省 (シンガポール)|財務省]]の長。シンガポールの経済の管理、統制について責任を負い、その権限は主に会社法、商業登記法、貨幣法、会計法によって規定されている。
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− | == 各国の財務大臣 ==
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− | (国名、英語版記事、日本語版記事)
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− | *{{flag|Afghanistan}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Albania}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Albania)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Algeria}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Algeria)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Angola}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Angola)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Argentina}}: [[:en:Minister of Economy of Argentina|Minister of Treasury and Public Finances]]
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− | *{{flag|Australia}}: [[:en:Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer of Australia (with list)]]. There is also a [[:en:Minister for Finance (Australia)|Minister for Finance]] who is responsible for areas such as government expenditure, financial management, and the operations of government.
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− | *{{flag|Bahamas}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Bahamas)|Minister of Finance]]—There is also a Minister of State for Finance who is junior to the Minister.
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− | *{{flag|Barbados}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Barbados)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Bangladesh}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Bangladesh)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Belarus}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Belarus)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Belgium}}: [[:en:Federal Public Service Finance|Ministry of Finance]] ([[:en:Minister of Finance (Belgium)|list]])
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− | *{{flag|Brazil}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Brazil)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Brunei}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Brunei)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Bulgaria}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Bulgaria)|Ministry of Finance]] ([[:en:List of Bulgarian finance ministers|list]])
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− | *{{flag|Burma}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Burma)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Cambodia}}: [[:en:Ministry of Economy and Finance (Cambodia)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Canada}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Canada)|Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Chile}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Chile)|Ministry of Finance of Chile]]
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− | *{{flag|People's Republic of China}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China|Minister of Finance]] - the Chairman of the [[:en:National Development and Reform Commission]] also has power over government finance and the economy
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− | **{{flag|Hong Kong}}: [[:en:Financial Secretary (Hong Kong)|Financial Secretary (with list)]], [[:en:Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury|Secretary for the Treasury]] (under Financial Secretary)
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− | *{{flag|Republic of China}}([[台湾]]): [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Republic of China)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Cyprus}}: [[:en:List of Minister of Finance of the Republic of Cyprus|Minister of Finance of the Republic of Cyprus]]
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− | *{{flag|Czech Republic}}: [[:en:Finance Minister of the Czech Republic]]
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− | *{{flag|Denmark}}: [[:en:Finance Minister of Denmark|Finance Minister]] ([[:en:List of Finance Ministers of Denmark|list]])
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− | *{{flag|Dominican Republic}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Dominican Republic)|Ministry of Finance]] ([[:en:List of Dominican Ministers of Finance|list]])
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− | *{{flag|East Timor}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (East Timor)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Egypt}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Egypt)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Estonia}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Estonia)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Ethiopia}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (Ethiopia)|Ministry of Finance and Economic Development]]
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− | *{{flag|European Union}}: [[:en:European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs|Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs]]
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− | *{{flag|Fiji}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Fiji)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Finland}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Finland)|Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|France}}: [[:en:Minister of the Economy, Finance and Employment (France)|Minister of the Economy, Finance and Employment]] ([[:en:List of Finance Ministers of France|list]])
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− | *{{flag|Germany}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Germany)|Minister of Finance]] ([[:en:List of German finance ministers|list]])
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− | *{{flag|Greece}}: [[:en:Minister for Finance (Greece)|Minister for Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Hungary}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance of Hungary|Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Iceland}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Iceland)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|India}}: [[:en:Finance Minister of India]], ([[:en::Category:Finance Ministers of India|list]])
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− | *{{flag|Indonesia}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Indonesia)|Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | * {{flag|Iran}}: [[:en:Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)|Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Iraq}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Iraq)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Ireland}}: [[:en:Minister for Finance (Ireland)|Minister for Finance (with list)]], [[:en:Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform]]
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− | *{{flag|Israel}}: [[:en:Finance Minister of Israel]]
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− | *{{flag|Italy}}: [[:en:Italian Minister of Economy and Finance|List of Ministers of Economy and Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Jamaica}}: [[:en:Cabinet of Jamaica |Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Japan}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Japan)|Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Kuwait}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Kuwait)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Lebanon}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Lebanon)|Ministers of Finance list]]
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− | *{{flag|Liberia}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance, Liberia|Ministry of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Lithuania}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Lithuania)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Macedonia}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Republic of Macedonia)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Malaysia}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Malaysia)|Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Mexico}}: [[:en:Secretary of Finance (Mexico)|Secretary of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Montenegro}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Montenegro)|Ministry of Finance (with list)]]
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− | * {{flag|Nepal}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Nepal)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Netherlands}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|New Zealand}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Norway}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Norway)|Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Pakistan}}: [[:en:Finance Minister of Pakistan|Finance Minister of Pakistan (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Peru}}: [[:en:Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru)|Ministry of Economy and Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Philippines}}: [[:en:Department of Finance (Philippines)|Secretary of Finance (with list)]] for general economic policy, [[:en:Secretary of Budget and Management (Philippines)|Secretary of Budget and Management (with list)]] for fiscal policy
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− | *{{flag|Malta}}: [[:en:Finance Minister of Malta |Minister of Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Poland}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Poland|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Romania}}: [[:en:Ministry of Public Finance (Romania)|Ministry of Public Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Russia}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation]].
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− | *{{flag|Samoa}}: [[:en:Minister for Finance (Samoa)|Minister for Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Serbia}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Serbia)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Singapore}}: [[:en:Minister for Finance (Singapore)|Minister for Finance]], [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Singapore)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Slovenia}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Slovenia)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Somalia}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance and Planning (Somalia)|Ministry of Finance and Planning]]
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− | *{{flag|South Africa}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (South Africa)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|South Korea}}: [[:en:Ministry of Strategy and Finance (South Korea)|Ministry of Strategy and Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|South Sudan}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (South Sudan)|Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning]]
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− | *{{flag|Spain}}: [[:en:Minister of Economy and Finance (Spain)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Sri Lanka}}: [[:en:Minister of Finance (Sri Lanka)|Minister of Finance]]
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− | *{{flag|Sweden}}: [[:en:Minister for Finance (Sweden)|Minister for Finance (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Switzerland}}: Member of the [[:en:Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]] heading the [[:en:Federal Department of Finance|"Federal Department of Finance" (with list)]]
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− | * {{flag|Tanzania}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (Tanzania)|Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs]]
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− | * {{flag|Thailand}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Thailand)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | * {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Trinidad and Tobago)|Ministry of Finance]] <ref>http://www.finance.gov.tt/</ref>
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− | *{{flag|Turkey}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Turkey)|Ministry of Finance]] ([[:en:List of Finance Ministers of Turkey|list]])
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− | *{{UGA|Uganda}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (Uganda)|Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development]]
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− | *{{flag|United Kingdom}}: [[:en:Chancellor of the Exchequer|Chancellor of the Exchequer (with list)]] and [[:en:Her Majesty's Treasury]]
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− | **{{noflag|[[北アイルランド]]}}: [[:en:Department of Finance|Minister of Finance]]
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− | **{{flag|Wales}}: [[:en:Minister for Finance (Wales)|Minister for Finance]]
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− | **{{flag|Scotland}}: [[:en:Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth|Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth (with list)]]
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− | *{{USA}}: [[:en:United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury (with list)]]
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− | *{{flag|Uruguay}}: [[:en:List of Ministers of Economics and Finance (Uruguay)|Minister for Economy and Finance]]
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− | *{{UZB}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Uzbekistan)]]
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− | *{{VIE}}: [[:en:Ministry of Finance (Vietnam)|Ministry of Finance]]
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− | == 会議 ==
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− | 各国の財務大臣や中央銀行総裁が集って国際的な経済問題や金融問題について議論する国際会議としては先進7か国[[財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議]]([[G7]])、先進11か国財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議([[G10]])、主要20か国財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議([[G20]]))などがある。
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− | 主要20か国財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議になると、各国の財務大臣に加えて[[国際通貨基金]](IMF)代表、[[国際復興開発銀行]](IBRD)代表、[[ヨーロッパ中央銀行]](ECB)代表も参加する。
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− | 日本で「[[財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議]]」と言っている場合、(本当は曖昧なのだが)文脈上はG7のそれを指していることが多い。
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− | == 脚注 ==
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− | {{脚注ヘルプ}}
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− | {{Reflist}}
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− | == 外部リンク ==
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− | * [http://www.mof.go.jp/about_mof/ministers_profile/ 大臣・副大臣・大臣政務官:財務省]
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| + | {{テンプレート:20180815sk}} |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:さいむたいしん}} | | {{DEFAULTSORT:さいむたいしん}} |
| [[Category:財務省|*]] | | [[Category:財務省|*]] |