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<div>[[ファイル:Nucleosome 1KX5 colour coded.png|thumb|300px|{{color|AAAA00|H2A}}、{{color|red|H2B}}、{{color|blue|H3}}及び{{color|green|H4}}のコアヒストンからなるヌクレオソームコアの粒子の結晶構造とDNA。らせん軸の上部方向から見たもの。]]<br />
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'''ヌクレオソーム'''（ぬくれおそーむ；'''nucleosome'''）は、すべての[[真核生物]]に共通する'''[[クロマチン]]'''の基本的構成単位である。<br />
ヌクレオソームは、4種のコア'''[[ヒストン]]'''（H2A、H2B、H3、H4）から構成されるヒストン8量体に146 bpの2重鎖'''[[DNA]]'''が巻き付いた構造をとる。2つのヌクレオソームをつなぐ部分のDNAはリンカーDNAと呼ばれる。この構造を[[電子顕微鏡]]で観察すると、DNA鎖上にビーズが並んでいるように見える。<br />
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アダ・オリンズ、ドナルド・オリンズ夫妻、[[ロジャー・コーンバーグ]]らによって1974年に提唱されたヌクレオソーム説は、その後の遺伝子発現研究の基盤をつくった<ref name="pmid4128918">{{cite journal | author = Olins AL, Olins DE | title = Spheroid chromatin units (v bodies) | journal = Science | volume = 183 | pages = 330-332 | year = 1974 | pmid = 4128918}}</ref><ref name="pmid4825889">{{cite journal | author = Kornberg RD | title = Chromatin structure: a repeating unit of histones and DNA | journal = Science | volume = 184 | pages = 868-871 | year = 1974 | pmid = 4825889}}</ref>。[[古細菌]]もヒストン様のタンパク質をもち、ヌクレオソーム様の構造が観察されているが、その解析は進んでいない。<br />
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== 関連項目 ==<br />
* [[染色体]]<br />
* [[クロマチン]]<br />
* [[ヒストン]]<br />
* [[エピジェネティクス]]<br />
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==引用文献==<br />
<references /><br />
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==参考図書==<br />
* {{Cite book | 和書 | title =細胞の分子生物学 第５版 | author = B. Alberts他 著（中村桂子他 翻訳） | year = 2010 | publisher = ニュートンプレス}}<br />
* {{Cite book | 和書 | title =Essential 細胞生物学 第３版 | author = B. Alberts他 著（中村桂子・松原謙一 監訳） | year = 2011 | publisher = 南江堂}}<br />
* {{Cite book | 和書 | title =染色体と細胞核のダイナミクス | author = 平岡泰・原口徳子 編 | year = 2013 | publisher = 化学同人}}<br />
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{{デフォルトソート:ぬくれおそむ}}<br />
[[Category:細胞生物学]]<br />
[[Category:分子生物学]]<br />
[[Category:生化学]]<br />
[[Category:遺伝学]]<br />
[[Category:染色体]]<br />
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